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This paper aims to describe the relationship between diplomacy andidentity. Can we still talk about soft power in the terms of Joseph Nye?Does Europe use soft power? And if so, does it use it regarding the termof 'collective identity'? Starting from the article of Anthony D. Smith,National identity and the idea of European unity, can we talk about collectivecultural identity? Europe is a continent that knows and accepts lots ofdifferent cultures but does it aim, in terms of definition, to have a single"European culture"? There are lots of questions raised by this article.If the members of UE are searching to have a collective identity, howare the member states reacting to this idea? Eventually, every singlecountry is not going to give up the national culture and what is definingeach other. There is a common destiny that combines continuity andmemory. We can find this at every social level and also regarding thenational diplomacy. Attracting the UE members into having a Europeanculture, and doing this in terms of soft power, can this really work forthe UE? The European identity, as well as the national identity, it is nota natural one but a social one. It is a social construct seen as the resultof historical conditions and cultural relations.

"Lipsius' De constantia, 17th Century Still Life Painting and the Use of Constancy Today. The present article revisits the main ideas from Justus Lipsius' De constantia in the light of the present ongoing pandemic. Through his interest for the Stoics, Lipsius was able to contribute to a more general and European interest towards this topic, reviving the Stoic philosophy under the name of Neostoicism. The influence of his ideas can be seen in some art production, especially the one that is connected to the places where Lipsius lived and it is a testimony to their popularity and the various ways of transmitting them. Even if the Stoic ideal remains an ideal, the Neostoicism of Justus Lipsius is meaningful in as much as any philosophy that deals with crises because it can help us view the text from both its relevancy and our recent general experience. The isolation, the anxiety, the uneasiness and fear are emotions that have been more or less present in our lives during this pandemic and they require a solution. Constancy is the solution that Justus Lipsius proposes.

Keywords: Justus Lipsius, Neostoicism, Still Life Painting, Pandemic, Moral Philosophy, Crisis Philosophy."

Objective.For government officials and health providers, elderly population - aged 65 and over, especially neurosurgical patient, represent a larger concern, an increasing problem not only for socio-economic reasons related to the medical act, but also for additional care requirements which should be done by the family and society, including rehabilitation facilities, occupational & physical therapy, speech therapists, visiting nurses, to insure an effective recuperation after hospital discharge. A retrospective study with 325 "elderly" patients cohort, aged 65 and over, admitted in the Neurosurgery Department undergoing common neurosurgical procedures, in the last five years offer an evaluation for neurosurgical procedures, outcomes, comorbidities, anaesthetic and analgesic requirements, outcome. Material and method. This study was performed on patients aged 65 years or older, with neurosurgical diseases, admitted to the Neurosurgery or the Intensive Care Unit of our hospital, between 2014-2019. An analysis was made on variables such as age, pathology, comorbidities, length of hospital stay especially in the ICU unit, type of cranio-cerebral or spinal procedures performed, anaesthesia protocols, complications, performance status, re-admissions and mortality. Results. Patients age were divided into three categories: between 65-70 years old there were 152 patients (46,76%), between 70-85 years old 93 patients (28.61%) and over 85 years old 80 patients (24,61%). 173 patients were females (53,23%), 152 were males (46.76 %). The admission Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score to those over 85 years old was between 3-12 in 29 cases (8.02%) with early death in 13 patients. Several comorbidities were noticed in 294 patients (90.15%): cardiac, pulmonary, hematologic especially coumarinic overdose, hepatic and renal failures, psychiatric illnesses, concomitant systemic disease or immunosuppressed patients by decompensated diabetes, primitive cancers affecting various organs, infectious diseases, also severe osteoporosis, chronic ethylic intoxication, limiting surgical attitude, also obtaining the informed consent for surgery. There were 154 (47,38%) patients with cerebral pathology and 171 (52,61%) patients with spinal pathology. Most common surgical procedures performed were: craniotomies for tumours and hematoma removal, minimal invasive procedures for spine, endovascular and vertebroplasty. The median length of stay for emergency patients was significantly longer than that of elective patients (13 vs. 8 days). For 215 (66.15%) patients general anaesthesia was performed, local anaesthesia in 97 (29.84%) patients, 13 patients (4%) were not operated. Good quality of life results appreciated by patients and relatives were recorded in 236 cases (72.61%) in the first and second category; less better results to those over 85 years old; same symptoms especially pain 63 patients (19.38%), complications to 47 patients (14,46%) especially cardiac, renal andrespiratory failures, also motor deficits, seizures, CSF fistula, mortality in 26 cases (8%), re-admissions in 45 cases (13.84%) less than 1 month after discharge. Conclusions. Old prejudices that old age is a contraindication for surgery have to be removed. Clinical and surgical decisions for neurosurgical procedures in the elderly are decisive for limiting reported morbidity and mortality rates. For life quality, realistic family and society expectations, several aspects should be considered for safe and effective results: careful patient selection on patient status, comorbidities and physiological reserve; neurosurgical pathology, urgency of the surgical procedure, the strategy of neurosurgical management based on advances in imaging and interventional radiology, minimal invasive neurosurgical procedures with significant preoperative and postoperative care. Good results could be obtained even in elderly people for chronic subdural hematoma, simple brain or spinal tumour, good grade aneurysm, trigeminal pain, vertebroplasty in spinal vertebral fractures, etc.

The article maps Romania's involvement with the International Theatre Institute during its first decade of membership. The argument revolves around a number of East–West convergence high points such as the 1959 Helsinki Congress or the 1964 Bucharest Symposium. It analyzes the connections developed by Romanian theatre specialists within the framework provided by iti, the specialized networks they helped create and the domestic impact of these interactions. The article examines the multifaceted Romanian involvement with these projects in national and international context. It begins in 1956, Romania's first participation at the Dramatic Art Festival in Paris, the forerunner of iti's Theatre of Nations Festival. It closes the arc of the story with the 1969 international symposium on training young theatre directors. The article shows that soon after joining iti ranks, Romanian theatre artist were propelled into the international limelight and were recognized by their Western peers. It advances the idea that East European theatre practitioners had a role in shaping their respective community of knowledge as much as their Western counterparts did.

ABSTRACT: The concern about the uniformity of the population of the earth, in terms of human and fundamental rights, has become a constant concern over the past decades for the majority of politicians, particularly those from the developed countries. This reality, also known as globalization, has benefited from both sympathy and appeals. This phenomenon was taken over by Literature, Philosophy, Sociology, Theology, etc., and each field has specifically proposed different aspects of what would happen in the future. Therefore, this paper attempts to capture the phenomenon of globalization from the point of view of the holistic development of the society. The approach is critical to provoke thinking on this issue and less concluding with normative consequences. What this study adds to is that it is surprising that the approach to holistically develop the society is actually one that changes or intends to replace it. The argumentation system for this thesis is based on the evolution of some systems and the way they are used. We are talking about the theological, financial, political, psychological and social assistance system. We propose this perspective as a dialogue and as a way of directing scientific thinking to areas, considered, solved. KEY WORDS: society, church, holistic development, virtualization, political assistance, psychological assistance, theological assistance, financial assistance, mass–media assistance, social assistance.

Humour is generally considered a universal feature, but it is also a context-related notion and it may involve the specificity of a certain culture. The present paper attempts to explore the ethics of humor and its subversive nature perceived as a survival technique during the communist regime in Romania, with an emphasis on Ioan Groșan's short story, The Island. Being in a constant battle with censorship, humour often proves to be a form of dissidence. Critical laughter functions as a corrective, undermining political principles and denouncing their inflexibility aimed at achieving a progressive social degradation. Therefore, a theoretical re-evaluation of the relationship between context and humor will reveal that the latter concept – with its forms and variations – becomes the escape from the gangrenous tissues of totalitarian societies.

O sistema de ensino da Romênia foi marcado por grandes reformas educacionais que moldaram o seu curso e pode ser categorizado como tendo períodos distintos de convergência - final do século 18, pré-Segunda Guerra Mundial, 1968-1969, e 1989 ao presente - e divergência - maior parte do regime comunista e a partir da integração no sistema de ensino da Europa Ocidental. A partir de 1999 as reformas de Bolonha têm revolucionado o sistema de ensino na Romênia. A nova legislação da educação foi alterada para permitir o andamento do Processo de Bolonha e o sistema de ensino superior oscilou entre centralismo e autonomia. Este artigo analisa o sistema de ensino romeno com um foco particular sobre a autonomia institucional, garantia de qualidade e dimensão social.Palavras-chave: reformas educacionais, história da educação, processo de Bolonha, isomorfismo institucional, diversificação, homogeneidade institucional, mobilidade acadêmica, autonomia institucional.

This paper seeks to uncover the realities behind the integration, or lack thereof, of Environmental Education into the core science curriculum as well as suggestions to successfully integrating it. There is an urgent need for transformative environmental education and action-based environmental participation, concerns also echoed by the international community. The schools should be vested with an environmental mission about/for/in the environment. Educational legislation for science education and practice are bridged by a myriad of difficulties to successfully integrating it (Hart, 2002; Metz et al., 2010). Effective strategies for integration as well as teachers' preparedness and professional development are among the steps towards successful integration.Key-words: Environmental education, science education, knowledge mobilization, scientifically-literate citizens, teachers' professional development.